{"id":148855,"date":"2015-07-16T15:54:31","date_gmt":"2015-07-16T14:54:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.um.edu.mo\/sem-categoria\/2015\/07\/33814-pt_pt\/"},"modified":"2020-11-26T20:51:56","modified_gmt":"2020-11-26T12:51:56","slug":"33814","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.um.edu.mo\/pt-pt\/news-and-press-releases\/campus-news\/detail\/33814\/","title":{"rendered":"CONSTRU\u00cdNDO PONTES DE LIGA\u00c7\u00c3O ENTRE A UM E AS COMUNIDADES LOCAL E INTERNACIONAL"},"content":{"rendered":"

Source: umagazine<\/a><\/p>

Text: Dr Brian Hall, FSS<\/p>

The University of Macau (UM) is dynamic and\nrapidly developing into an outstanding research institution. We have now seen\nour university enter the ranks of the top 300 world universities and we are now\nranked 39th among the top 100 new universities under the age of 50 in the\nworld. But how does this expansion and development link to the local Macao community?\nHow can the university address local priorities and challenges? How can public\nhealth research fulfill the promise of a university relevant and focused on\naddressing the needs of local people while also addressing global challenges and\nleaving a global footprint? Below I articulate the relevance of mental health\nto this development agenda and outline some specific targets for research\nalready underway.<\/p>

<\/p>\n\n

What Is Public Mental Health?<\/b><\/p>\n\n

A movement to establish interdisciplinary\nresearch is growing in Macao, as is true around the world. This is an\nencouraging phenomenon given that most problems worth addressing require utilising\nthe skills of many people with different knowledge, expertise and backgrounds.\nThis research format allows researchers to speak together and offer different\nperspectives. While valuable, true integration of multiple disciplines and\nperspectives can incubate a new field of scientific inquiry and development.\nTransdisciplinary approaches build upon the strengths of many, and leverage\nthese strengths to develop meaningful solutions to seemingly intractable problems.\nThis leads to team science. I have the privilege to be working towards the goal\nof promoting health and wellbeing in Asia, which is a monumental challenge and\none only accomplished through collaborative team approaches. Global mental\nhealth is a transdisciplinary field as it seeks to combine knowledge and\nmethods utilised in anthropology, sociology, psychiatry, public health, epidemiology,\ncommunication, and public policy, to build an evidence base for the study and\ntreatment of poor health around the world. <\/p>\n\n

What Is Health?<\/b><\/p>\n\n

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines\nhealth as \u2018\u2026. a state of complete physical, mental\nand social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.\u2019 Embedded within that definition is physical health, along with\nmental and social wellness. These definitions are positively framed and\nformulate a picture of health and wellness from a holistic perspective \u2013 that a person can live a life imbued with meaningful connectedness\nto society. Although this definition separates health and mental health, from\nthe perspective of most people in the world these are interconnected and\ninterrelated phenomenon. My own approach is to conceptualise health broadly to\ninclude physical, mental, sexual, and behavioural dimensions. A common mantra\nfor the field, stated first by Dr Brock Chisholm, the first director-general of\nthe WHO, and later popularised through publication in the British medical\njournal The Lancet<\/i>, \u2018There is no health\nwithout mental health.\u2019<\/p>\n\n

The Global Burden of Disease<\/b><\/p>\n\n

Mental disorders are serious and\ndebilitating conditions, which in many cases require intervention. Poor mental\nhealth is a worldwide public health issue and mental health has been recognised\nas being a major contributor to the global disease burden. The WHO identifies an\nimportant health metric called the Disability Adjusted Life Year (or DALY). One\nDALY is equivalent to one healthy year of life lost due to a health condition.\nAccording to the Global Burden of Disease report, mental, neurological and\nsubstance-use disorders account for 28 per cent of DALYs around the world,\nsurpassing cardiovascular disease and cancer.<\/p>\n\n

The most common mental disorders are\nanxiety and depression. Although it may be argued that poor mental health does\nnot directly lead to loss of life, it contributes to overall lower quality of\nlife, and may in some cases lead to suicide, which is the third leading cause\nof death among adolescents. Poor mental health is an area of urgent need around\nthe world, but the burden of mental health and poor health is still generally\nnot well known across most of Asia. It is an important priority to characterise\nthese issues and develop strategies to improve health. Intervention delivery in\nmany parts of the world is lacking due to the identified treatment gap. Many\nmore people desperately need intervention than there are available trained\nmental healthcare providers. We need to do more.<\/p>\n\n

Developing a Research Agenda with Global\nImpact and Local Significance<\/b><\/p>\n\n

The Global and Community Mental Health\nResearch Group (www.um-gmh.com), housed in the\nDepartment of Psychology at UM, is a group comprised of students and faculty\nfrom diverse backgrounds including public health, medicine, social work,\nanthropology, psychology and epidemiology. The group is dedicated to addressing\nthe pressing mental health and public health needs of East and Southeast Asia.\nWe are engaged in several large research projects, and are developing several initiatives,\nwhich will link UM to the region in the public health arena. <\/p>\n\n

In mainland China, we engaged in a large\npopulation representative epidemiological study of 765 adults to characterise\nthe health problems facing both local residents and internal Chinese migrants.\nOur data showed that depression, alcohol misuse, sexual health and infectious disease,\nand sleep problems are prevalent and should be targets for potential treatment\nintervention. The data also showed that only a very small percentage of people\nidentified with mental health problems sought care or were identified as having\nthese conditions by their healthcare provider, suggesting a meaningful\ntreatment gap. <\/p>\n\n

In Hong Kong, we engaged in research\nfocused on understanding the prevalence and determinants of common mental\ndisorders (ie, anxiety and depression) following the Umbrella Movement among a\npopulation representative sample of over 1000 adults. Our data showed that the prevalence\nof depression and anxiety exceeded levels reported during the SARS flu epidemic\nin 2009, indicating that social unrest in Hong Kong is a major contributor to poor health.\nThis is among the first studies to document this association.<\/p>\n\n

In Macao, we collected data from several\nimportant communities. We are examining the various threats to the health of\nour local migrant communities from Southeast Asia and mainland China. Migrants provide\nneeded labour to sustain the lifestyles of local people and their efforts\ndirectly or indirectly contribute to the economic expansion of Macao.\nTherefore, their health and welfare is of concern to all us. Our team is\nengaged in fieldwork with these communities to understand their experiences\nliving and working in Macao and to understand Macao residents\u2019 perspectives on labour migrants. Key issues involving access to\nneeded healthcare and housing have emerged along with poor mental health.\nAdditional studies are planned to quantify the prevalence of these conditions\nand develop interventions to improve their health.<\/p>\n\n

We collected survey data on a large sample\nof the Macao elderly; our data suggests that community-level trust and social\nrelationships significantly contribute to less depression symptoms in this\ngroup. These results may have important policy-level implications and pathways\nto intervention development. According to our data,  programmes that expand or link elders\u2019to social networks and supports might be a useful strategy to\nreduce depression in this community. The prevalence of depression was actually\nmeaningfully high, but follow-up studies are needed to validate our results.<\/p>\n\n

Several large-population level surveys have\nalso been conducted on levels of depression among Macao adults. The results\nfrom one study of over 1,000 local residents indicated that the prevalence of depression\nin Macao is high and of concern. We hope these results, once made available,\nwill help to encourage policy-level planning towards addressing these\nidentified issues. The mental healthcare system in Macao may not be fully able\nto redress these concerns, but UM can help to improve this condition through\neducation, community engagement, and training local clinicians. Our group is\nnow planning a large longitudinal epidemiological study of the determinants of\nhealth issues in Macao to begin within the next year.<\/p>\n\n

Conclusion<\/b><\/p>\n\n

The Pearl River Delta is a dynamic and\nchanging landscape. Research that is relevant to local society provides\nimportant linkages between the university and local communities. As our\nuniversity continues to grow, our global presence will be felt; conducting\nresearch that may assist in improving the health of local Macao people and\nresidents is an important step towards our continued relevance in the local\nsociety.<\/p>

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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