{"id":148668,"date":"2017-02-08T10:14:00","date_gmt":"2017-02-08T10:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.um.edu.mo\/sem-categoria\/2017\/02\/40839-pt_pt\/"},"modified":"2020-11-26T20:34:57","modified_gmt":"2020-11-26T12:34:57","slug":"40839","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.um.edu.mo\/pt-pt\/news-and-press-releases\/campus-news\/detail\/40839\/","title":{"rendered":"Redefining the Origin of China\u2019s Modern Newspaper Industry An Interview with Dr Agnes Lam Iok Fong"},"content":{"rendered":"Source:&nbsp;<a style=\"font-family: Gotham, &quot;;;helvetica neue&#038;quot, helvetica, arial, sans-seriffont-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(51, 122, 183);text-decoration: none;font-style: italic;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.umac.mo\/umagazine\/issue15\/pdf\/umagazine15.pdf\">umagazine<\/a><div><br\/><\/div><div><br\/><\/div><div><div>\u2018The newspaper industry in Macao started with the publication of a Portuguese newspaper. But why was it in 1822 and not earlier?\u2019 This question, asked during Dr Agnes Lam Iok Fong\u2019s oral defense for her master\u2019s thesis, reverberated in Lam\u2019s head long after the defense was over. Indeed, it inspired her to spend the past decade seeking an answer, an answer that would reshape understanding of the origin of China\u2019s modern newspaper industry.&nbsp;<\/div><div><br\/><\/div><div>Interest Kindled while Preparing for Graduate Studies&nbsp;<\/div><div>Dr Lam is an expert on the history of communication and the assistant dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Macau (UM). Her interest in the history of journalism was kindled by a book she read while preparing for the admission examination for graduate school. In an account of the history of Abelha da China, a Portuguese newspaper published in 1822, she was amazed to see the word \u2018Macao\u2019. \u2018It was the first time I had ever seen the mention of \u2018Macao\u2019 in a book about the history of journalism in China,\u2019 she recalls. \u2018Up until that time, I had never thought that the first modern newspaper in China was published in Macao, a city where I was born and raised.\u2019&nbsp;<\/div><div><br\/><\/div><div>When contemplating a topic for her doctoral dissertation, Lam decided to answer the question, \u2018Why did the newspaper industry in Macao start in 1822 but not earlier?\u2019 She decided to abandon the presumption that Abelha da China was the first modern newspaper in China. Instead, she extended the historical period of her study and combed through historical data published between the mid-16th century, after Macao became a free port, and the early 19th century, before the start of the Opium War. Her latest work, The Beginning of Modern Chinese Press History: Macao Press History 1557-1840, is an expansion of her doctoral dissertation based on ten years of research.<\/div><div><br\/><\/div><div>Searching for Macao\u2019s History in Europe&nbsp;<\/div><div>When Dr Lam began collecting data for her doctoral dissertation, she found that the original editions of many publications and related records originally published in Macao, were now scattered all over the world, housed in the archives and libraries in different countries. For example, A Miscellaneous Paper, a Chinese newspaper founded by the Protestant missionary Robert Morrison in Macao, and The Evangelist and Miscellanea Sinica, a Chinese\/English bilingual newspaper also founded by Morrison, are now housed in libraries in the United Kingdom. This discovery sparked the idea to search around the world for original historical records of Macao.&nbsp;<\/div><div><br\/><\/div><div>For a long time, scholars considered Abelha da China to be the first newspaper in China. If that was true, Dr Lam reasoned, then it stood to reason that newspaper printing started in 1822. But that begs the question of why there were no publications during the preceding 200 years\u2014that is, from the 16th century, when foreign missionaries first arrived in Macao, to 1822, when Abelha da China was published.&nbsp;<\/div><div><br\/><\/div><div>In the 1990s, Dr Lam began to investigate whether there was a newspaper called Di\u00e1rio Noticioso in Macao before Abelha da China was published. A one-time journalist, she put her journalistic experience to work in her research. She travelled around the world and left no libraries unvisited in her search for evidence of the existence of this newspaper. \u2018In 2005, I visited the British Library to study the manuscripts there. That was the first time I went on an overseas trip in search of historical records of Macao,\u2019 she says. \u2018Since then, I\u2019ve been to different European libraries, including those in Italy, Germany, France, Spain, and Portugal, all by myself. Some people didn\u2019t know the real reason I went to Europe again and again; they thought I went there every summer for holiday.\u2019 Before obtaining research grants from UM, Dr Lam paid for these trips out of her own pocket. Now she feels very grateful that the university provides research grants to support her work.<\/div><div><br\/><\/div><div>Like Writing Detective Novels&nbsp;<\/div><div>The Beginning of Modern Chinese Press History: Macao Press History 1557-1840, is based on the historical data Dr Lam collected over the past decade, a process that was fraught with difficulties. The original editions of the newspapers, books, and diaries, as well as some of the ancient books, used in the writing, were scattered around the world. To make matters worse, many of the documents she studied were written in English, Portuguese, or even Latin. Undaunted by the linguistic barriers, she bought dictionaries for different languages and waded through pages upon pages of abstruse documents, one word at a time. For those parts she failed to understand even with the help of the dictionaries, she consulted language professionals at the university.&nbsp;<\/div><div><br\/><\/div><div>Dr Lam likens the process of verifying an astounding amount of historical facts to writing detective novels. \u2018Every time I encountered a piece of information, I would wonder if this would be the answer I was looking for,\u2019 she says. \u2018If someone mentioned a book, I would go find that book to read. If the book I was reading mentioned some people, I would find those people\u2019s diaries. I used a lot of imagination in the process. I would imagine having conversations with people from the past.\u2019 For a time, she was unable to verify some of the historical facts mentioned in the books published by Robert Morrison. So she visited Morrison\u2019s grave, cried, and asked him to visit her in her dreams to reveal the answers. \u2018It may sound a little bizarre, but I think it was fun, it gave me a chance to converse with historical figures,\u2019 she says.<\/div><div><br\/><\/div><div>Fruit of Ten Years\u2019 Research Revising the History of Journalism&nbsp;<\/div><div>Dr Lam completed her primary, secondary, and college education in Macao. She received her bachelor\u2019s degree from UM. In 1997, she joined UM\u2019s Department of Communication as a faculty member. Since then, she has focused on the study of the history of communication, media and social change, and Macao-related issues. She never regrets spending ten years to complete the book, because her deep love of Macao made her want to uncover the historical truth and return the city to its rightful place in the history of journalism in China.&nbsp;<\/div><div><br\/><\/div><div>Dr Lam believes that the history of Macao\u2019s publishing industry and the history of China\u2019s modern publishing industry are closely related. \u2018Macao\u2019s modern publishing industry actually started earlier than we had imagined. In fact, the earliest publication in China originated in Macao instead of Guangzhou, as previously thought,\u2019 she says. \u2018As Macao natives, we should understand our own history, because if we don\u2019t, then no one else will help us to. History is what has happened. But did it happen this way or that way? It\u2019s important for us to find out the truth. Macao used to be an ethnically diverse and tolerant place where people were allowed to publish Chinese publications with Western printing technologies. And because of that, this city has witnessed many historical firsts.\u2019&nbsp;<\/div><div><br\/><\/div><div>Dr Lam has verified that Abelha da China was predated by many other publications in Macao, most of which had religious undertones. She has also verified that The Evangelist and Miscellanea Sinica and another newspaper are in fact the same publication, the first Chinese\/ English bilingual newspaper in China. Other historical facts Dr Lam has verified include Robert Morrison\u2019s publishing Macao\u2019s first Chinese newspaper, A Miscellaneous Paper, in 1833, and Joaquim Jose Leite\u2019s creating Di\u00e1rio Noticioso in Semin\u00e1rio e Igreja de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/div><div><br\/><\/div><div>Despite the many difficulties she encountered in writing the book, Dr Lam never wavered in her determination to finish the project. Now that the book has finally been published, she feels she has just completed the first step on the long journey of tracing Macao\u2019s historical roots. \u2018I want to thank my doctoral supervisor Prof Fang Hanqi for always inspiring me to look at a question from a fresh angle,\u2019 she says. \u2018I also want to thank my friends, classmates, and work colleagues at the university, for their support, guidance, and inspiration over the years.\u2019<\/div><\/div><div><br\/><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Source:&nbsp;umagazine\u2018The newspaper industry in Macao started with the publication of a Portuguese newspaper. But why was it in 1822 and not earlier?\u2019 This question, asked during Dr Agnes Lam Iok&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":126706,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-148668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-campus-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Redefining the Origin of China\u2019s Modern Newspaper Industry An Interview with Dr Agnes Lam Iok Fong | Universidade de Macau<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Universidade de Macau: Uma universidade abrangente p\u00fablica de n\u00edvel internacional fundada em 1981\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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