{"id":148556,"date":"2017-12-12T11:28:00","date_gmt":"2017-12-12T11:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.um.edu.mo\/sem-categoria\/2017\/12\/43834-pt_pt\/"},"modified":"2020-11-26T20:25:24","modified_gmt":"2020-11-26T12:25:24","slug":"43834","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.um.edu.mo\/pt-pt\/news-and-press-releases\/campus-news\/detail\/43834\/","title":{"rendered":"De fabricantes de tijolos a cientista de classe mundial: entrevista com o especialista em bet\u00e3o, professor Li Zongjin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Source: <a style=\"font-style: italic;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.umac.mo\/umagazine\/issue17\/\">umagazine<\/a><\/p><p>Building the tallest structures, the saying goes, begins\nwith the base. To Prof Li Zongjin, chair professor at the University of Macau&#8217;s\n(UM) Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME) and winner\nearlier this year of the Arthur R Anderson Medal from the American Concrete\nInstitute, the base is basically composed of an important material\u2014concrete.<\/p>\n\n<p>The Arthur R Anderson Medal recognizes Prof Li for his\ntriple global contributions to infrastructure, teaching, and research. The first\nChinese scientist to be so honoured since the award was established 45 years\nago, this preeminent concrete expert is admired by peers and inspires the\nyounger generation. His humble beginnings saw him toil as a brickmaker and farm\nhand. How did he then reinvent himself to become a world-class scientist? The \u2018secret\u2019\nto his success is simple yet prosaic: \u2018I merely work when other people are\ndrinking coffee.\u2019<\/p>\n\n<p>When Li was in middle school, a cataclysmic event turned\nChina upside down and upended millions of lives across the country. That defining\nevent is the Cultural Revolution. His formal education ended prematurely, Li\nwas forced to fend for himself; he was first thrust for two and a half years\ninto a demanding job as a farmer, and then moved into a brickmaking factory\nthat belonged to an iron mine. But somehow, he turned this adversity into\nadvantage; it marked the beginning of his self-education. Li was inspired by\nChina&#8217;s iconic writer Lu Xun, who, when told he was a genius, famously replied,\n\u2018There\nis no such thing as a genius. I merely work when others are drinking coffee\u2019.\nHe devoted all his precious hours after a gruelling day&#8217;s work in the mine to\nreading borrowed books, while his co-workers busied themselves playing poker. \u2018If\nyou aspire to achievement, you must work harder than others. Only then can you\nseize the opportunities when they present themselves,\u2019 he says.<\/p>\n\n<p>An opportunity eventually came knocking, and seize it he\ndid. In 1977, the National College Entrance Exam was reinstated in China.\nHaving never stopped his self-education during the wilderness years, Li now had\na clear, reachable goal in mind\u2014entering college and making up for lost time.\nDuring those difficult years, he developed the habit of collecting and internalising\nfamous sayings by famous people. When he received a life-changing offer from Zhejiang\nUniversity the following year, he was moved to quote one of his favourite\naphorisms: \u2018Hard work makes a beautiful life possible.\u2019 <\/p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p><b>Foreseeing the\nPotential in Concrete Research<\/b><\/p>\n\n<p>The hardships Li endured in his youth cultivated his\nperseverance and resilience. Whether at Zhejiang University or Northwestern\nUniversity in the United States, Li was always the most hardworking student.\nDuring those days, he made an important discovery that would later shape his\ncareer trajectory. He noticed that concrete was the most widely-used building material\nin the world, and yet nobody seemed to realise the importance of research in\nthe field. \u2018The per capita consumption of concrete is at least 2,500\nto 3,000 kilograms a year worldwide, which is more than the per capital annual consumption\nof grains,\u2019 he says. \u2018But because concrete is easy to get, it is rarely treated\nwith the importance it deserves.\u2019 Foreseeing great potential in concrete\nresearch, Li began to study ways to improve the performance of concrete at a lower\ncost. According to Li, scientists have a far better understanding of metal\nmaterials than concrete, because concrete is a composite material that is structurally\nmore complicated than metals.<\/p>\n\n<p>In 2009, Li was appointed by the Ministry of Science and Technology\nof China as the sole chief scientist for a concrete research project under the\nnational 973 programme. He was given a challenging task: developing a modern version\nof concrete that is environmentally friendly but also more flexible and\ndurable.<\/p>\n\n<p>He and his team rose to the challenge and successfully\ndeveloped a new technology, which has been used in numerous construction projects\nin China, including the high speed railway track between Beijing and Shanghai, Tianwan\nNuclear Power Plant, and the Taizhou and Chongqi Bridges.<\/p>\n\n<p>Having devoted half his life to concrete research, Prof Li\nsays that one distinguishing feature of concrete is the great variance in the\nscale of measurement. \u2018To understand the structure of steel\nor iron, normally all you have to do is observe the atomic structure, but when it\ncomes to concrete, the variance in the scale of measurement is so great. We are\ntalking about ten to the 14th power, from observing the products from concrete\nhydration using nano technology to monitoring bridges of several kilometres,\u2019\nhe says. \u2018By understanding products generated from concrete\nhydration using nano science, we can improve the micro-structure of concrete by\nartificially adding organic or inorganic nano-particles to make their macro-performance\ncomply with our requirements, such as increasing a structure\u2019s flexural\nstrength or toughness.\u2019<\/p>\n\n<p>Currently, Prof Li is working with assistant professor Sun\nGuoxing from the IAPME and they have achieved some encouraging results. For example,\nby adding 5-nm inorganic particles in organic hydrogels, they successfully developed\nhydrogels with the best all-round performance in the world. Also, by adding organic\nor inorganic particles in concrete, they successfully increased the flexural\nstrength of concrete by three times without lowering the compressive strength.<\/p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p><b>Cross-disciplinary\nCollaboration<\/b><\/p>\n\n<p>Prof\nLi credits his accomplishments in concrete research to the guidance of Prof S P\nShah, his master\u2019s and PhD supervisor while he was studying at Northwestern\nUniversity in the US. Prof Shah opened Li\u2019s eyes to what could be achieved\nwith cross-disciplinary collaboration. \u2018When I was in the US, I\nnoticed that students involved in concrete research were not just from the\ncivil engineering department; some of them also came from other departments,\nsuch as chemistry, physics, and materials engineering,\u2019 he says. \u2018Having members from different backgrounds\ncould help the team approach the subject of research from different angles,\nwith different kinds of expertise. Later, when I was trying to establish my own\nteam, I adopted this cross-disciplinary approach.\u2019<\/p>\n\n<p>Li\nalso adopts the cross-disciplinary approach when recruiting students. \u2018We\nwould look at the overlaps between different disciplines,\u2019 he\nsays. \u2018We used to say that the inside knowledge of a discipline\nis like Greek to outsiders. But now we try to bring people from different\ndisciplines together so they can exchange ideas based on their own expertise,\nand the results have been very good.\u2019 He cites an example to illustrate\nhis point. Earlier, his team needed to develop a piece of software to better\ncontrol the experiment equipment, which would have been very difficult for\ncivil engineering students. But with the help of students from the electronic\nengineering department, they developed the software in a very short time, which\nexpedited the progress of the research study with good results. \u2018 If we only\nstudy concrete from the perspective of civil engineering or materials\nengineering, we would be limiting the applications of concrete. Cross-disciplinary\ncollaboration, on the other hand, opens our mind and lets us see all kinds of\npossibilities,\u2019 he says.<\/p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p><b>Seeing Opportunities at UM<\/b><\/p>\n\n<p>Prof\nLi has worked at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) for\n22 years. Formerly the associate dean of the School of Engineering at HKUST, he\nis currently a chair professor in the IAPME at UM. \u2018UM\u2019s rapid progress in\nrecent years has attracted experts and scholars from around the world, which is\nsimilar to what happened to HKUST when I first joined it. So I saw the great\npotential of UM, and decided to come here.\u2019<\/p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p><b>Developing a New Type of Wind Turbines<\/b><\/p>\n\n<p>Currently,\nProf Li is working on a cross-disciplinary research project: a new type of wind\nturbine which he hopes can be set up on the UM campus. \u2018Macao is blessed with excellent\nwind resources, and I hope to take full advantage of the resources to develop a\nnew type of wind turbine for the new campus,\u2019 he says. His team is working\nto develop a 1000-watt floating wind turbine, with a blade-to-blade distance of\n3.2 metres. Unlike the old-fashioned tower-based wind turbines, the floating\nwind turbine was designed based on the Archimedes Law, with the buoyancy of the\nliquid supporting the vertical load of the wind turbine. To put it simply, it\nis like placing the wind turbine on the surface of the water to reduce the\nresistance from the turning of the blades as well as the wear and tear of the\nparts. What\u2019s more, the blades can be made from concrete.<\/p>\n\n<p>If\nsuccessful, the wind turbine will be able to generate between 4,000 and 5,000\nkilowatt hours of electricity every year, enough to satisfy the need of a small\noffice. Speaking of future research plans, Prof Li says excitedly, \u2018We\nhope to attract investments from businesses and give our students an\nopportunity to deepen their research and develop a large-sized wind turbine that\ncan generate more power.\u2019<\/p>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<p><b>Contributing to the Development of a Smart\nCity with New Research<\/b><\/p>\n\nTo support the Macao SAR government\u2019s goal to develop Macao into a smart city, UM is\npreparing for the establishment of a third state key laboratory for big data\nresearch. Prof Li is part of the team. He and his colleagues are now studying\nthe application of cement-based piezoelectric sensors in traffic control. \u2018It is similar to the touchscreen of a mobile\nphone,\u2019 he says. \u2018The idea is that when a vehicle passes through a\nroad installed with cement-based piezoelectric sensors, it would generate electric\ncharges on the surface of the sensors. By collecting the data, we could calculate\nthe traffic flow, vehicle speed, and vehicle weight. If we consolidate these\ndata and establish an internet of things, we would be able to realize real-time\ntraffic monitoring, thus contributing to creating a smart city in Macao.\u2019<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Source: umagazineBuilding the tallest structures, the saying goes, begins with the base. To Prof Li Zongjin, chair professor at the University of Macau&#8217;s (UM) Institute of Applied Physics and Materials&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":129748,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-148556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-campus-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>De fabricantes de tijolos a cientista de classe mundial: entrevista com o especialista em bet\u00e3o, professor Li Zongjin | Universidade de Macau<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Universidade de Macau: Uma universidade abrangente p\u00fablica de n\u00edvel internacional fundada em 1981\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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