{"id":148555,"date":"2017-12-14T11:58:00","date_gmt":"2017-12-14T11:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.um.edu.mo\/sem-categoria\/2017\/12\/43847-pt_pt\/"},"modified":"2020-11-26T20:25:19","modified_gmt":"2020-11-26T12:25:19","slug":"43847","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.um.edu.mo\/pt-pt\/news-and-press-releases\/campus-news\/detail\/43847\/","title":{"rendered":"Porque est\u00e1 fascinado o Professor Ren-He Xu com a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em c\u00e9lulas estaminais?"},"content":{"rendered":"Source: umagazine<\/a>
<\/div>

New technologies derived from stem cell research have found\napplications in many areas, such as cosmetic surgery, cancer treatment, and\norgan transplantation. Prof Ren-He Xu, from the Faculty of Health Sciences,\nUniversity of Macau (UM), has devoted himself to stem cell research for nearly\n20 years, hoping to find a new way to treat disease.<\/p>\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n

Arousing the Interest\nof the Father of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells<\/b><\/p>\n\n

Xu received his bachelor\u2019s and master\u2019s degrees\nin medical sciences from South China University and Central South University, respectively.\nLater, he obtained a doctoral degree from the University of Tokyo, Japan, and received\npostdoctoral training at both Bar-Ilan University, Israel, and the National Institutes\nof Health (NIH), United States.<\/p>\n\n

In 1999, he quit his job at the NIH and began to contemplate\nthe future direction of his research. Then he stumbled upon an internet article\nabout stem cell research, which was the hottest subject in medicine at the\ntime. He summoned up his courage\nand sent his personal resume to Prof James Thomson, known as the father of\nhuman embryonic stem cells. Twenty minutes later, he received a phone call from\nProf Thomson, who expressed a strong interest in his research and invited him\nto work at WiCell Research Institute at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. \u2018I\nfeel very honoured that an eminent scientist like James Thomson invited me to\nwork with him,\u2019 recalls Prof Xu. He immediately\naccepted the invitation and became the first senior scientist at the institute,\nthus beginning his research on stem cells.<\/p>

<\/p>\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n

Helping Patients with\nExpertise<\/b><\/p>\n\n

The journey of stem cell research is an arduous, bittersweet\none, but Prof Xu enjoys the process. \u2018In the past, I was mainly focused on\nthe biology and molecular mechanism of stem cells. But with my medical\ntraining, I kept thinking how I could use my expertise to help patients and ordinary\npeople,\u2019 he says. \u2018If I just study the biology and molecular\nmechanism of stem cells, it would be very difficult for me to achieve that goal,\nso I decided to study how stem cells can be used to treat diseases.\u2019<\/p>\n\n

In Prof Xu\u2019s opinion, those with medical training\ndo not necessarily have to become doctors to help people. Becoming a researcher\nis another option.<\/p>\n\n

In 2014, he began to develop mesenchymal stem cells (MSC).\nSome have likened MSC to the Monkey King [a mythological figure that features\nin a body of Chinese legends who can transform into different animals and\nobjects], because MSC can generate different types of cells. Some say MSC are\nlike a medicinal balm, because they provide a low-risk treatment for many\ndiseases. Prof Xu was the first to derive MSC from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) via trophoblast-like\ncells. MSC show significant results in treating multiple sclerosis and inflammatory\nbowel disease.<\/p>\n\n

Over the years, Prof Xu has achieved numerous breakthroughs\nin stem cell research, which has earned him recognition from the scientific community.\nFor example, he discovered an extraneous agent that enables self-regeneration and\nlong-term in-vitro culture of hESC without having to rely on mouse embryonic fibroblast-conditioned\nmedium. With this extraneous agent, experiments on hESC can be conducted under\nprecise conditions to achieve more accurate results, as using animal embryonic\nfibroblast-conditioned medium can affect clinical applications of stem cells.<\/p>\n\n

Prof Xu has published nearly 60 papers on stem cell research,\nsome of which are in leading scientific journals, including Biomaterials , Nature\nMethods , Nature Biotechnology , Cell Stem Cell , PNAS , and Stem Cell Reports .\nHe also holds several patents.<\/p>\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n

An Accidental Breakthrough<\/b><\/p>\n\n

Stem cells require precise culture conditions and careful nurturing.\nThey need to be frozen before long-distance transport, which can cost hundreds,\nsometimes even thousands of, US dollars. Moreover, airlines have regulations concerning\nthe manner in which stem cells can be carried onto a plane. A small amount of cells\ncan be stored in culture tubes. However, exposure to ambient conditions for\nmore than 48 hours will cause the cells to quickly lose their functions and\nviability.<\/p>\n\n

In 2015, one of Prof Xu\u2019s students conducted an\nexperiment. He prepared stem cells to form spheroids and then studied their\nproperties under 3D condition. After the experiment was over, he left the test\ntube that contained the cells in the laboratory. One week later, he went back to\ncheck the test tube, expecting to see only dead cells. But what he found\nastonished him. The cells in the tube were still alive, without showing any\nsigns of dying.<\/p>\n\n

After learning the outcome of the experiment, Prof Xu\nimmediately decided to investigate. He found that the viability of spheroids\nformed of stem cells remained above 90 percent even after 11 days. Using an\nanalogy to illustrate this phenomenon, he says: \u2018Stem\ncells forming spheroids is like animals entering hibernation in winter. Normally,\ncells are incubated at 37 degrees Celsius, but when placed on the table, the\ntemperature drops to room temperature, around 25 degrees. At this temperature, spheroidal\nformation protects the cells via reduction of metabolic rates and conservation of\nenergy.\u2019<\/p>\n\n

This discovery eliminates the need to freeze cells before\nlong-distance transport. With this new UM-developed technology, called spheropreservation,\nstem cells which aggregate can be transported at room temperature to almost\nanywhere in the world for scientific research or clinical treatment at a cost\nof merely several US dollars.<\/p>\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n

Comparable to US in\nResearch Facilities<\/b><\/p>\n\n

Having worked in the US for 20 years, Prof Xu has received\nnumerous awards for his achievements in stem cell research. These include the\nRoyan International Research Award\nfrom Royan Institute, the CURE Award for Excellence in Stem Cell Research from\nthe Connecticut United for Research Excellence (CURE), the Honoree of 2007\nAnnual State Bluebook of Connecticut, issued by the state secretary, and the\nScientific Achievement Award from the Frederick Research Center of the US<\/p>\n\n

In\n2012, Prof Xu, who was then an associate professor at the University of Connecticut\nand the director of the university\u2019s Stem Cell Institute, met Prof\nChuxia Deng from the NIH at a conference they both attended. Prof Deng had just\nbeen appointed dean of the new Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) at UM, and\neager to recruit new blood for the fledgling faculty, Prof Deng immediately\ninvited Prof Xu to join UM.<\/p>\n\n

\u2018Scientific\nresearch relies heavily on government support, both financially and\npolicy-wise,\u2019 says Prof Xu. \u2018In terms of research facilities and funding,\nUM is comparable to universities in the US and many other places. Moreover, the\n\u201cOne\nCountry, Two Systems\u201d policy gives Macao an added advantage.\nThese are all important reasons that drew me to UM.\u2019<\/p>\n\n

Currently,\nProf Xu and his team are deepening their stem cell research. They hope to\nimprove the safety of hESC-derived therapies and minimise immune response\nthrough genome editing, in order to develop hESC-derived MSC into drugs and\nprovide suitable stem cell treatment for patients National Cancer Institute.<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source: umagazineNew technologies derived from stem cell research have found applications in many areas, such as cosmetic surgery, cancer treatment, and organ transplantation. Prof Ren-He Xu, from the Faculty of…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":129772,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-148555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-campus-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPorque est\u00e1 fascinado o Professor Ren-He Xu com a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em c\u00e9lulas estaminais? | Universidade de Macau<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Universidade de Macau: Uma universidade abrangente p\u00fablica de n\u00edvel internacional fundada em 1981\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.um.edu.mo\/pt-pt\/news-and-press-releases\/campus-news\/detail\/43847\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Porque est\u00e1 fascinado o Professor Ren-He Xu com a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em c\u00e9lulas estaminais? 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